History
Explores the history of Africa from 1800 to contemporary times. Attending to both thematic diversity and regional particularism, it addresses such topics as the slave trade in Western and Central Africa, the Zulu and Asante empires,…
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Pepperdine University
Pepperdine University's course descriptions average 62.4 on the 100-to-0 ruler: clearly left of center. Across all 100 schools, the average is 67.5, so Pepperdine University reads 5.1 points further right.
Liberal (100)center (50)Conservative (0)
Where its courses fall
0%Far left92–100
0%Left75–91
60%Center-left59–74
40%Center42–58
0%Center-right26–41
0%Right9–25
0%Far right0–8
Underlined: words the model quoted from the description when we asked it, after scoring, to explain its score.
Furthest left
Sociology
This course focuses on the social construction of gender in society while exploring how society perpetuates gender and gender inequality. Utilizing salient gender theories, students will examine how gender acts as an institution in society,…
Sociology
The sociological study of the unequal distribution of resources, including how these structural inequalities affect one's life chances. Special attention is given to the causes and effects of these inequalities in the United States. Prerequisite: SOC 200 (CC, DV, UX)
Furthest right
None. Pepperdine University has 5 left-framed courses and not one right-framed course.
Why this number, in plain words
Political lean of course descriptions. Average Framing score (0 = far right, 50 = center, 100 = far left) of the scored courses in the group.
50 is the survey-anchored center of US adults on each issue (the "moderate" place of the ANES/GSS/PRRI seven-label ruler), not the cohort midpoint; scores above 50 read leftward, below 50 rightward.
Counted: courses with a Framing score (categories L/R/B/C). The likely range (95% interval) is 57.3 to 67.5; a comparison whose range overlaps this one is not a reliable difference.
- Only 5 of Pepperdine University's descriptions carried a scorable lean, so this average and its rank are rough; the interval is the honest range.
- Most course descriptions carry no political lean at all and are not in this average; the "share described from the left" view counts them.
- Readings are of catalog description text, not of teaching, syllabi or individual professors.
Pepperdine University by department (share of courses described from the left)
| Department | Left-framed share | Courses | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sociology | 13.6% | 22 | view |
| Psychology | 3.2% | 31 | view |
| History | 2.1% | 48 | view |
| Art & Art History | 0% | 41 | view |
| Economics | 0% | 23 | view |
| English & Comparative Literature | 0% | 49 | view |
| Ethnic & African American Studies | 0% | 2 | view |
| Philosophy | 0% | 18 | view |
| Political Science | 0% | 37 | view |
| Religious Studies | 0% | 46 | view |
| Women's & Gender Studies | 0% | 3 | view |
Lean (mean Framing score) is not published per department within a school; only the left-framed share is. Department rows carry no interval.
Details: exact rows, definitions and method
| Name | Metric | Value | 95% interval | n | scored |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pepperdine University | mean_bias_score | 62.4 | 57.3 – 67.5 | 320 | 5 |
| All 100 schools | mean_bias_score | 67.5 | 67.4 – 67.7 | 124,290 | 10,124 |
- Formula
- SUM(bias_score) / COUNT(bias_score)
- Interval
- normal approximation: mean +/- 1.96 * sd / sqrt(n), sample sd (n-1); undefined when n < 2
- Model / prompt / snapshot
- gpt-5.6-sol · r12 (2026-10-16-le49-r12) · 6df50b10
- Metric caveats
- Scored courses only (L/R/B/C); N and I carry no score and are excluded, so n here is smaller than the group's course count. Scores are model readings of catalog description text against a fixed anchored definition, not teaching or syllabi. The interval covers sampling noise in the mean only; it does not represent model reading error. Every value carries a `method` label: exact_rows or histogram_midpoint.
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