Psychology
This seminar provides an introduction to several major theoretical approaches to psychotherapy, such as psychodynamic/psychoanalytic, behavioral and cognitive-behavioral, humanistic, and interpersonal/group therapy models. Students will…
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University of Pennsylvania · Psychology
1.1% of University of Pennsylvania's Psychology course descriptions are framed from the left. Across all 100 schools' Psychology departments, it is 2.5%.
0%30%
Where Psychology courses fall
0%Far left92–100
0%Left75–91
100%Center-left59–74
0%Center42–58
0%Center-right26–41
0%Right9–25
0%Far right0–8
Subject places what a course studies, not the side it takes. A course on slavery or the Holocaust lands far right and a course on Marx or the Soviet Union lands far left, whether the course praises, criticizes or simply describes it.
Furthest-left subjects
Psychology
Schizophrenia is the same as “split personality”... or is it? People with mental illness are frequently violent… or are they? “Shock” therapy is barbaric...or is it? The “answers” to these questions as portrayed by the media often reinforce…
Furthest-right subjects
None. University of Pennsylvania Psychology has 2 courses with a left-of-center subject and not one with a right-of-center subject.
Why this number, in plain words
Share of courses described from the left. Percent of all courses in the group whose Framing reading is leftward: the description frames its subject one-sidedly to the left.
Counted: all courses in the group, including N and I. No interval is published for this number.
- Readings are of catalog description text, not of teaching, syllabi or individual professors.
Details: exact rows, definitions and method
| Name | Metric | Value | 95% interval | n | scored |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Pennsylvania · Psychology | bias_left_share | 1.1 | — | 87 | — |
| Psychology | bias_left_share | 2.5 | 2.2 – 2.8 | 9,330 | — |
- Formula
- 100 * count(bias_cat = 'L') / n
- Interval
- Wilson score 95% (wilson_interval)
- Model / prompt / snapshot
- gpt-5.6-sol · r12 (2026-10-16-le49-r12) · 6df50b10
- Metric caveats
- Right-framed courses are almost absent (33 of 124,290); this run cannot tell catalog reality from model sensitivity. Compare schools with adjusted_ratio, not this raw share, because department mix differs.
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