Economics
This course provides a broad introduction to the economics of climate change. The relevant theory is covered, but the emphasis throughout is empirical. Topics may include: background in geophysics and econometrics; bi-directional feedback…
All schools · Ivy League
University of Pennsylvania · Economics
0% of University of Pennsylvania's Economics course descriptions are framed from the left. Across all 100 schools' Economics departments, it is 1.5%.
0%20%
Where Economics courses fall
0%Far left92–100
0%Left75–91
50%Center-left59–74
50%Center42–58
0%Center-right26–41
0%Right9–25
0%Far right0–8
Subject places what a course studies, not the side it takes. A course on slavery or the Holocaust lands far right and a course on Marx or the Soviet Union lands far left, whether the course praises, criticizes or simply describes it.
Furthest-left subjects
Economics
In this course we will use the tools of microeconomics to analyze the functioning of the health care system. We will draw from the sub-disciplines of information economics, industrial organization, labor economics, public economics, and…
Furthest-right subjects
None. University of Pennsylvania Economics has 2 courses with a left-of-center subject and not one with a right-of-center subject.
Why this number, in plain words
Share of courses described from the left. Percent of all courses in the group whose Framing reading is leftward: the description frames its subject one-sidedly to the left.
Counted: all courses in the group, including N and I. No interval is published for this number.
- Readings are of catalog description text, not of teaching, syllabi or individual professors.
Details: exact rows, definitions and method
| Name | Metric | Value | 95% interval | n | scored |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Pennsylvania · Economics | bias_left_share | 0 | — | 78 | — |
| Economics | bias_left_share | 1.5 | 1.3 – 1.8 | 8,432 | — |
- Formula
- 100 * count(bias_cat = 'L') / n
- Interval
- Wilson score 95% (wilson_interval)
- Model / prompt / snapshot
- gpt-5.6-sol · r12 (2026-10-16-le49-r12) · 6df50b10
- Metric caveats
- Right-framed courses are almost absent (33 of 124,290); this run cannot tell catalog reality from model sensitivity. Compare schools with adjusted_ratio, not this raw share, because department mix differs.
Ask a question about University of Pennsylvania · Make a school card